Thousands of people have marched through the German capital Berlin in protest against coronavirus restrictions.
Police imposed mandatory mask-wearing and social distancing and by midday ordered demonstrators to disperse for flouting the order. The rally has been mostly peaceful, but at least two people were arrested.
City authorities had tried to stop the march from going ahead, fearing safety measures would be ignored, but a court overturned the ban.
About 18,000 people took part in Saturday’s march, police said.
Although Germany has so far not seen the wave of cases affecting some parts of Europe, its infection rate has been growing. New case numbers are reaching highs last seen in April.
Police issued their order to disperse after participants refused to keep a safe distance from each other, the authorities said.
“Unfortunately, we have no other option,” Berlin police said on Twitter. “All the measures taken so far have not led to compliance with the conditions.”
Protesters were closely packed in places, and sat together on the ground at one point. Police said protesters were largely dispersing peacefully although there were some pockets of unrest, with officers using pepper spray.
Some protesters had broken into a restricted area near the Reichstag and were being removed.
The demonstration was organised by the Stuttgart-based movement Querdenken 711 (or Lateral Thinking 711). The group has more than 16,000 followers on Facebook and communicates largely through encrypted messaging service Telegram.
It believes that coronavirus regulations infringe on basic rights and freedoms enshrined in Germany’s constitution and wants them to be lifted.
The protests have also gained support from anti-vaccination campaigners. Prominent anti-vaxxer Robert F Kennedy Jr- the son of assassinated US Democratic presidential hopeful Robert F Kennedy and nephew of assassinated US President John F Kennedy – has said he will speak at the event.
Photos shared online also showed flags and slogans linked to the conspiracy theory QAnon. The wide-ranging, unfounded conspiracy theory says that US President Donald Trump is waging a secret war against elite Satan-worshipping paedophiles in government, business and the media, among other claims.
Participants also included families and children. Some people have said they just want the right to protest.
One demonstrator, Stefan, a 43-year-old Berlin resident, told Agence France-Presse: “I’m not an extreme right-wing sympathiser, I’m here to defend our fundamental freedoms.”
Another protester told TV station ARD the number of “severely sick” was “trending downward”, adding: “At the same time we have more testing. And we have measures that are totally out of proportion. This craziness must be stopped and allow a normal life again.”
Counter-protests against the main march also took place, with about 100 people at one rally. “You are marching with Nazis and Fascists,” shouted some participants, according to broadcaster RBB.
Chancellor Angela Merkel and the 16 federal states introduced a minimum €50 fine for failing to wear a face mask where ordered. A ban on major public events was also extended until next year.
Mrs Merkel said: “We will have to live with this virus for a long time to come. It is still serious.” She said it would become more challenging in the winter.
Germany has recorded 242,000 infections, fewer than the other major European nations.
