The World Health Organization (WHO) on Wednesday, August 14 will hold an expert meeting to discuss the possibility of declaring mpox a global emergency.

This consideration comes as the number of cases and deaths linked to the disease has surged, with over 14,000 infections and 524 fatalities reported this year — already surpassing last year’s figures.

The vast majority of cases and deaths, more than 96%, have occurred in Congo. Scientists are particularly concerned about a new strain of the virus that has emerged in the region, which appears to be more easily transmissible among people.

Understanding Mpox

Mpox, formerly known as monkeypox, was first identified in 1958 during outbreaks of a “pox-like” illness in monkeys. Until recently, most human cases were confined to central and west Africa, typically among individuals who had close contact with infected animals.

The virus belongs to the same family as smallpox, but it generally causes milder symptoms, including fever, chills, and body aches. However, more severe cases can lead to lesions on the face, hands, chest, and genitals.

In 2022, mpox gained global attention when it was confirmed to spread through sexual contact, leading to outbreaks in over 70 countries that had never before reported cases of the disease.

Rising Concerns in Africa

The situation in Africa has become increasingly alarming, with the Africa CDC reporting a dramatic rise in mpox cases. According to the agency, “the number of infections has jumped by 160% compared to the same period last year, while deaths have risen by 19%.”

Earlier this year, a new form of mpox was detected in a Congolese mining town, raising concerns due to its higher mortality rate, which can reach up to 10%. This variant of the virus also appears to spread more easily than previous strains.

Unlike earlier outbreaks, where lesions typically appeared on the chest, hands, and feet, the new form of mpox causes milder symptoms and lesions on the genitals, making it harder to detect. As a result, infected individuals may unknowingly transmit the virus to others.

The Significance of an Emergency Declaration

The Director General of the Africa CDC, Dr. Jean Kaseya, explained that the agency’s decision to declare a public health emergency is an urgent call to action.

“We must mobilize our institutions, our collective will, and our resources to act swiftly and decisively,” Kaseya stated, appealing to international partners for assistance.

He emphasized that the escalating mpox situation in Africa has largely been ignored by the global community.

Michael Marks, a professor at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, echoed this sentiment, stating that the current strategies to control the outbreak are insufficient. “It’s clear that current control strategies aren’t working, and there is a clear need for more resources,” Marks said.

He added that a global emergency declaration could help unlock these necessary resources.

Differences Between the Current and 2022 Outbreaks

The 2022 global mpox outbreak primarily affected gay and bisexual men, with the virus spreading through close contact, including sexual activity.

While similar transmission patterns have been observed in Africa, the demographic impact has shifted dramatically. In Congo, children under 15 now account for more than 70% of mpox cases and 85% of deaths.

WHO Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus highlighted the complexity of the current situation, noting that different countries are experiencing varying transmission modes and levels of risk. “Stopping these outbreaks will require a tailored and comprehensive response,” he said.

Congo has begun discussions with international donors about potential vaccine donations and has already received some financial aid from Britain and the U.S.

The WHO has released $1.45 million from its emergency fund to support the response to mpox in Africa, but more resources will be necessary to curb the spread of the disease and protect vulnerable populations.