The Bank of Ghana (BoG) has provided clarity on an item captured in Appendix A of the Mid-Year Fiscal Policy Review document which was purported by Hon. Cassiel Ato Forson as new currency printed “illegally” by the Central Bank to support government’s budget.
However, BoG clarified in a statement that the amount of GHC22.04 billion represents net claims on Government, and not new currency printed to support the Government’s budget.
According to BoG, the net claims of GHC 22.04 billion has the following four components: GoG Stocks and bonds sold by commercial banks to Bank of Ghana under repurchase agreements, by which banks routinely manage their liquidity positions; IMF SDR allocation disbursed to Government through Bank of Ghana; Draw-down of Government’s own deposits held with Bank of Ghana; and Negative balance on Government’s account with Bank of Ghana at a point in time, and selfliquidated as new Government deposits are credited to the account.
“First, there is an amount of GHC1.6 billion which reflects GoG Stocks and bonds sold by commercial banks to Bank of Ghana under repurchase agreements. These bonds, held by a commercial bank since 2021, were purchased by Bank of Ghana to provide liquidity to the bank, under a repurchase agreement that required the bank to buy back these bonds at a later date”.
Bank of Ghana
Having purchased these bonds on the secondary market as a secondary transaction, Bank of Ghana’s holdings of GoG bonds increased by GHC 1.6 billion, not because it had lent money to Government, but because it had purchased a GoG bond originally purchased by the bank for investment purposes, BoG explained.
As part of its function of providing liquidity to the banking sector, Bank of Ghana routinely enters into similar agreements (Repos and Reverse Repos) with commercial banks that hold Government bonds and require liquidity to meet short-term obligations.
These arrangements, according to BoG, do not represent lending to Government by Bank of Ghana because the proceeds of bonds purchased from banks, go to those banks and not to Government. Once Bank of Ghana purchases such bonds from banks, it holds them until maturity of the bonds, unless they are repurchased by the banks.
On-lending of IMF SDR resources
Also, BoG noted that GHC6.2 billion of the amount reflects on-lending of IMF SDR resources to Government, in line with the overall objective of the special SDR operation by the IMF. BoG explained that IMF resources are usually meant for Balance of Payments support, and it goes directly to the central banks.
However, in this particular instance, the special SDR allocation by the IMF was designed to provide budget support to countries to help address issues related to the Covid19 pandemic.
Last year, Bank of Ghana received additional SDR allocation of SDR 707.3 million (US$1.001 billion). In line with the broader objectives of the special SDR allocations, the Bank of Ghana on-lent the additional resources to the Government. This was approved by Parliament in the 2022 Budget presentation.
BoG disclosed that the amount of SDRs so far extended to the budget amounts to GHC6.2 billion. In addition, the Bank noted that an amount of GHC 2.85 billion reflects a drawdown on Government’s own deposits held with the Bank of Ghana.
These include statutory funds such as the GET FUND, National Health insurance, District Assembly Common Fund and the Sinking Fund. Also included are donor-related funds as well as the Ministries, Departments and Agencies (MDAs) operational accounts with Bank of Ghana
Overdrawn balance on the Government’s treasury main account
Furthermore, BoG noted that the residual amount of GHC 11.4 billion included in the GHC 22.04 billion, represents an overdrawn balance on the Government’s treasury main account held with Bank of Ghana as of the reporting date.
Overdrafts of this nature occur from time to time, as the auction system has been designed to ensure same day settlement of maturities and interest payments, once the auction is concluded, BoG stated.
“This guarantee of same-day settlement of maturities and interest payments, which has always been part of the auction system, has underpinned the development of the local currency bond market.
“With such a guarantee, on occasions when there have been uncovered auctions, maturities are automatically settled and then a reconciliation is done with Government. Incoming Government cash deposits are then used automatically to liquidate such overdrawn balances on a rolling and continuous basis”.
Bank of Ghana
“The current gap of GHC11.4 billion reflects the net amount of the gap at the end of June 2022”, BoG stated, adding that “This balance is cleared regularly”. The Central Bank further expressed that any outstanding balance has to be cleared by the end of the year.
Bank of Ghana assured the public that in carrying out its functions as banker to Government, it is committed to complying fully with all relevant legal requirements. As indicated in the Minister’s speech, should the need arise for emergency financing by Bank of Ghana in line with the BoG Act, Bank of Ghana, as was done in the case of the Covid-19 Bond of 2020, will follow the processes prescribed by the Act, the statement added.
Alleged printing of money
Bank of Ghana responded to an interview granted by the Minority Ranking Member on the Finance Committee in Parliament, Hon. Cassiel Ato Forson, that alleged that Bank of Ghana has printed an amount of GHC 22.04 billion to finance Government’s budget without parliamentary approval.
His reaction was in response to the 2022 Mid-Year Fiscal Policy Review which was presented to Parliament by the Minister for Finance on Monday, July 25, 2022.
In Appendix 2A of the Mid-Year Fiscal Policy Review document, under Financing, out of the total financing of GHC28.12 billion, an amount of GHC22.04 billion was captured under BOG. This is the amount being referred to by the Ranking Member as BOG’s printing of currency to support the budget.
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