Aside being a source of protein and satisfying bellies, pigs have now become saviors of mankind as a man with terminal heart disease is responding well, three days after being given a genetically modified pig heart in a first-of-its-kind surgery.
According to reports, the surgery, performed by a team at the University of Maryland Medicine in the United States, is among the first to demonstrate the feasibility of a pig-to-human heart transplant, a field made possible by new gene-editing tools. If proven successful, scientists hope pig organs could help alleviate shortages of donor organs.
Dr. Bartley Griffith, who surgically transplanted the pig heart into the patient, in a statement said:
“This was a breakthrough surgery and brings us one step closer to solving the organ shortage crisis. There are simply not enough donor human hearts available to meet the long list of potential recipients. We are proceeding cautiously, but we are also optimistic that this first-in-the-world surgery will provide an important new option for patients in the future”.
Dr. Bartley Griffith
For David Bennett, the 57-year-old from Maryland, who was saved, the heart transplant was his last option. According to the statement released by the university, Bennett said a day before his surgery: “It was either die or do this transplant. I want to live. I know it’s a shot in the dark, but it’s my last choice”.
To move ahead with the experimental surgery, the university obtained emergency authorization from the US Food and Drug Administration on New Year’s Eve through its compassionate use program.
Dr. Muhammad Mohiuddin, who heads the University’s program on xenotransplantation- transplanting animal organs into humans said: “The FDA used our data and data on the experimental pig to authorize the transplant in an end-stage heart disease patient who had no other treatment options”.
According to organdonor.gov., about 110,000 Americans are currently waiting for an organ transplant, and more than 6,000 patients die each year before getting one.
Bennett’s genetically modified pig heart was provided by Revivicor, a regenerative medicine company based in Virginia. On the morning of the surgery, the transplant team removed the pig’s heart and placed it into a special device to preserve its function until the surgery.
Pigs have long been a source of potential transplants because their organs are so similar to humans. Other organs from pigs being researched for transplantation into humans include kidneys, liver, and lungs.
Prior efforts at pig-to-human transplants have failed because of genetic differences that caused organ rejection or viruses that posed an infection risk. Scientists have tackled that problem by editing away potentially harmful genes.
In the heart implanted in Bennett, three genes previously linked with organ rejection were “knocked out” of the donor pig, and six human genes linked with immune acceptance were inserted into the pig genome. Researchers also deleted a pig gene to prevent excessive growth of the pig heart tissue.
The work was funded in part with a $15.7 million research grant to evaluate Revivicor’s genetically-modified pig hearts in baboon studies. In addition to the genetic changes to the pig heart, Bennett received an experimental anti-rejection drug.
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