Ghana’s ongoing engagement with the International Monetary Fund has entered a decisive phase as the Fund proposes a three month extension of the country’s Extended Credit Facility programme.
The request, disclosed in the IMF Staff Report released after the Executive Board approved Ghana’s fifth programme review, signals that discussions are now firmly focused on concluding the sixth and final assessment of the programme. If accepted, the extension would shift the programme’s end date from May 2026 to August 2026, allowing more time to fully implement agreed reforms and complete the final review process.
According to the IMF, the proposed extension through August 16, 2026 would help both parties reach a clear understanding on the policies required to support completion of the final review. It would also provide sufficient time for the preparation and circulation of documentation to the Executive Board.
This development underscores the importance the Fund attaches to ensuring that the final phase of Ghana’s programme is executed in a manner consistent with long term macroeconomic stability.
Proposed programme modifications take centre stage
Beyond the timeline adjustment, the IMF is also proposing targeted modifications to key elements of Ghana’s programme. These include changes to selected Indicative Targets as well as adjustments to the Monetary Policy Consultation Clause.
The Fund explained that by the end of March 2026, the primary balance and non oil revenue targets would be modified to accommodate evolving macroeconomic conditions while preserving the overall fiscal effort relative to gross domestic product.
In addition, the IMF expects the Monetary Policy Consultation Clause bands for December 2025 and March 2026 to be adjusted downward. This adjustment is intended to better reflect the impact of recent macroeconomic developments on disinflation trends. The proposed changes suggest a degree of flexibility by the Fund as Ghana navigates improving inflation dynamics alongside persistent structural challenges.
Progress under the ECF programme
Ghana’s 36 month Extended Credit Facility arrangement was approved in May 2023 with total access amounting to SDR 2.2419 billion, equivalent to about US$3 billion. So far, the country has received approximately US$2.8 billion following the successful completion of the fifth review. The IMF noted that programme implementation has been broadly satisfactory, with all end June 2025 performance criteria and indicative targets met.
The Fund also confirmed that three prior actions were completed ahead of the fifth review. These included the audit of 2024 payables, the cleansing of taxpayer registry and ledger data, and the submission of the 2026 budget to Parliament in line with programme objectives. These steps reflect ongoing efforts by the authorities to strengthen fiscal transparency and revenue administration.
While acknowledging progress, the IMF also highlighted mixed outcomes in the implementation of structural benchmarks. Of the eleven benchmarks under the current review, four were met on time, two were implemented with delays, one was completed as a prior action, one is expected to be implemented in December 2025, and three were missed.
Notably, the strategy for state owned banks, which was initially due in April 2024, was implemented in September 2025 after earlier delays. The Fund praised progress in operationalising indicative targets that had been rephased into three stages, with the first stage reset as a new end March 2026 benchmark.
However, the end June 2025 benchmark on merging certain statutory funds with line ministries was not met, as authorities opted for an alternative approach to reforming earmarked funds.
Risks cloud the macroeconomic outlook
Despite the positive assessment of programme performance, the IMF cautioned that Ghana’s macroeconomic outlook remains subject to significant downside risks. These risks stem largely from potential deterioration in the external environment, particularly commodity price volatility and shifts in investor confidence arising from policy or reform slippages.
The Fund also warned that delays in completing Ghana’s comprehensive debt restructuring could pose additional threats to stability. Other vulnerabilities cited include exposure to regional conflicts, terrorism, geoeconomic fragmentation, and trade and investment shocks.
Domestically, policy slippages or delays in implementing the Energy Sector Recovery Programme could strain public finances and disrupt electricity and fuel supplies.
High debt risk classification remains
While Ghana has made progress in reducing its total debt stock and securing restructuring agreements with some bilateral creditors, the IMF continues to classify the country as being at high risk of debt distress. Although debt sustainability indicators remain below their respective thresholds under the baseline scenario, the Fund applied judgment to maintain the high risk rating.
According to the IMF, this decision reflects uncertainties around commodity prices and exchange rate movements, elevated rollover risks, and outstanding payment obligations to independent power producers. The classification serves as a reminder that sustaining fiscal discipline and completing structural reforms remain critical beyond the life of the programme.
As extension talks begin, Ghana’s IMF programme is clearly approaching its defining endgame. The coming months will be crucial in determining whether the country can consolidate recent gains, complete outstanding reforms, and exit the programme on a stronger footing. For policymakers, the focus will be on maintaining momentum while managing risks in an increasingly uncertain global environment.
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