A regional court in East Africa began proceedings on Thursday in a case brought by the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) against its neighbor, Rwanda.

The DRC accuses Rwanda of violating its sovereignty and territorial integrity by allegedly sending troops to support rebel groups in eastern Congo. This area has long been plagued by armed violence, with over 120 different groups vying for power, resources, and influence.

Eastern Congo is rich in valuable minerals, and competition over these resources has fueled years of conflict. Some of the armed groups involved have been implicated in mass killings, further exacerbating the instability in the region.

In the lawsuit, the DRC claims that Rwandan forces have played a direct role in the aggression and war crimes being committed in the east.

A United Nations report released in July estimated that between 3,000 and 4,000 Rwandan troops were present in eastern Congo, allegedly collaborating with the M23 rebel group. The M23 has made significant advances in the region, prompting heightened tensions between the two nations.

Legal Battle Over Accountability

The case is being heard at the East African Court of Justice, located in Arusha, Tanzania. This regional court, established under a 1999 treaty between several East African nations, is intended to resolve disputes involving member states like Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Rwanda, and Burundi. Its authority has also been recognized by the United Nations.

Congo is pushing for Rwanda to be held accountable for what it describes as atrocities against civilians and violations of international law. Additionally, the DRC seeks reparations for victims of these alleged crimes, adding another layer of gravity to the ongoing tensions between the two countries. Eastern Congo has long been a flashpoint, with mineral wealth and political instability often at the heart of the conflict.

In an interview, Elisha Ongoya, the lawyer representing the DRC, said, “We are happy the case has taken off.”

However, Rwanda raised objections at the opening of the proceedings, questioning the court’s jurisdiction over the matter. Emile Ntwali, the lawyer representing Rwanda, argued that the East African Court of Justice does not have the authority to handle criminal cases.

He further pointed out procedural issues, such as Congo’s failure to translate key legal documents into English, the official language of the court.

In response, Congo’s legal team requested permission to submit new evidence and properly translated documents to ensure the case proceeds.

Presiding Judge Yohanne Masara noted that the court will carefully review both sides’ arguments before issuing a ruling on Rwanda’s objections. The ruling, which could determine the future of the case, will be delivered at a later date.

This lawsuit underscores the deep-seated tensions between Congo and Rwanda, particularly over control of the mineral-rich eastern regions, and comes just after Congo’s President, Felix Tshisekedi, called for sanctions against Rwanda during a speech at the UN General Assembly.