President Cyril Ramaphosa of South Africa has announced the formation of a new Cabinet.

This comes over a month after the African National Congress (ANC) lost its majority, marking a significant shift in the nation’s political dynamics.

The newly formed multiparty Cabinet is the result of intense negotiations between the ANC and the Democratic Alliance (DA), the previously dominant opposition party.

This coalition, comprising 11 parties including seven with cabinet positions, primarily hinges on the partnership between the ANC and the DA.

ANC Retains Key Positions

The ANC currently holds 20 of the 32 ministerial roles. Paul Mashatile has been reappointed as Deputy President, and key ministries such as finance, trade and industry, foreign affairs, defense, and justice remain under ANC control.

The continuation of ANC leadership in foreign affairs suggests that South Africa will maintain its pro-Palestinian, anti-Israeli stance.

The ANC is a pivotal force in South Africa’s case at the United Nations’ top court, accusing Israel of genocide in Gaza.

Moreover, South Africa is poised to play a significant role on the global stage when it assumes the presidency of the G20 next year.

DA’s Cabinet Presence

The DA has been allocated six ministerial positions, with DA leader John Steenhuisen appointed as the Minister of Agriculture.

Although the DA sought the trade and industry portfolio, it had to settle for deputy minister positions in both trade and industry and finance.

The ideological divide between the left-leaning ANC and the centrist DA is particularly pronounced in economic policies.

Steenhuisen, in a statement following the announcement, said: “We look forward to being part of a new era in South Africa’s democratic journey, and to bringing real and tangible change to the millions of citizens who voted for it.”

The ANC’s Black Economic Empowerment (BEE) program, designed to enhance opportunities for Black South Africans, is a point of contention.

The ANC views BEE as essential to addressing the injustices of apartheid, whereas the DA advocates for a race-neutral approach.

Racial Dynamics and Challenges

The ANC, which played a key role in ending apartheid, and the DA, sometimes perceived as catering to white minority interests, represent differing historical perspectives.

Although the DA has garnered support from Black South Africans, racial tensions persist due to the country’s apartheid legacy.

Ramaphosa’s inclusion of the Freedom Front Plus (FF+) in the Cabinet adds another layer of complexity.

Originating from right-wing parties representing white interests, FF+ has since moderated its stance.

Melanie Verwoerd, political analyst and former South African diplomat said the overhaul of the Cabinet would help open up the political scene to new leaders and encourage compromise.

“It is a major shake-up with very few of the old faces still in there, which is a good thing,” said Verwoerd.

“I think in general it’s a very positive step and of course very positive that they could actually get this done.”
Melanie Verwoerd

Facing Steep Challenges

Both Ramaphosa and Steenhuisen have pledged to work collaboratively. The DA’s support for Ramaphosa’s second term in Parliament last month was a significant initial step in their partnership. Nevertheless, the coalition government faces formidable challenges.

South Africa, a prominent voice for the African continent and the developing world, grapples with severe domestic issues.

The country suffers from some of the highest rates of inequality and unemployment globally, with an overall unemployment rate of 32% and a staggering 45% for youth aged 15 to 34.

Additionally, South Africa contends with a high violent crime rate and deteriorating public services, exemplified by frequent nationwide electricity blackouts, which reached unprecedented levels in 2023.

These pressing issues contributed to the electorate’s shift away from the ANC in the May 29 election. The new coalition government must address these challenges to stabilize and advance South Africa’s future.