Brazil’s President, Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, has promised to veto a bill passed by congress to reduce the prison term of Jair Bolsonaro, the former President who was sentenced to more than 27 years in prison for masterminding an attempted coup to overturn the 2022 elections.

Lawmakers passed the bill late yesterday, Wednesday, December 17, 2025, after it was approved last week by the lower house.

Legal experts estimate the bill will reduce Bolsonaro’s time in a closed regime, currently a minimum of six years, to just over two, depending on sentence reduction mechanisms such as good behaviour or reading books.

The far-right leader is already serving his sentence in a special cell at the federal police headquarters in Brasília, and his lawyers are seeking supreme court authorisation for him to undergo hernia surgery.

Brazil’s leftist President – who, investigations showed, was the target of an assassination plan as part of the coup plot – acknowledged today that his veto could be overridden by the largely conservative congress.

Lula told journalists on Thursday, “With all due respect to the congress, when it reaches my desk, I will veto it,” adding that those who committed crimes against Brazilian democracy “will have to pay for their acts.”

“I have the right to veto, and then they have the right to overturn my veto or not. That’s the game.”
Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva,

Although the legislation falls far short of the full amnesty Bolsonaro and his sons had been demanding, its approval is being celebrated by the former President’s family.

Senator Flávio Bolsonaro, the former President’s son and, for now, the family’s choice to take on Lula in the 2026 election, said, “It wasn’t exactly what we wanted … but it’s what was possible.”

The bill reduces time in prison by combining the sentences for two different crimes – such as “attempted coup” and “violent abolition of the democratic rule of law” – but counting only the offence with the higher sentence

It benefits not only Bolsonaro but all of his aides, including high-ranking military officers who, for the first time, were also convicted of attempting a coup in Brazil, as well as hundreds of people who ransacked the capital, Brasília, on 8 January 2023.

For that reason, the approval is being seen as a significant setback for those who had widely celebrated the convictions as a sign of democratic progress in Brazil. A recent opinion poll showed that most Brazilians opposed reducing the sentences.

The journalist and writer Miriam Leitão, a prominent political analyst, described the bill’s passage as the reopening of Brazil’s “historic cycle of impunity.”

She wrote in her column for O Globo newspaper, “2025 was set to go down in history as the year in which Brazil punished coup plotters for the first time, but the bill … threatens to make the country repeat the past.”