With Africa’s excessive natural capital, massive youthful population and its growing economy, Prof. Kevin Urama, the Acting Chief Economist and Vice President for Economic Governance and Knowledge Management at the African Development Bank, has disclosed that there is a huge opportunity for low-income economies to rebound after shocks such as the Covid-19 pandemic.

Speaking at the launch of the International Monetary Fund’s Macroeconomic Developments and Prospects in Low-Income Countries, the Chief Economist divulged that Africa’s five fastest-growing economies are set to re-join the ten fastest-growing economies around the world in the coming years.

According to Prof. Urama, many low-income countries are in Africa and that the IMF report comes at an opportune time, especially as most of these economies are grappling with complex domestic and external economic shocks.

“These shocks are threatening the recovery and momentum we have seen from countries trying to make a comeback after the ravaging effects of Covid-19 and also what Russia’s invasion of Ukraine is creating in the global economy.”
Prof. Kevin Urama

Commenting on the absurd impact of the Covid-19 and Russia-Ukraine War, he explained that the overlapping shocks are disrupting Africa’s and global supply chains and as well fueling widespread energy along with food price inflation.

“The prevailing global financial conditions, domestic debt service costs and the lingering effects of the Covid-19 pandemic are all creating significant headwinds that African countries must navigate. Inflation is accelerating rapidly, with food and commodity prices continuing to rise, heightening food insecurity and raising the risk of social unrest in low-income countries, including in Africa.”
Prof. Kevin Urama

Measures To Help Address Africa’s Economic Challenges

Making reference to the World Food Programme data, Prof. Urama said over 345 million people in 82 countries globally are today suffering from acute food insecurity, and there is a need to increase access to food, energy and facilities that can help address some of these challenges.

“In Africa, last year, our own estimate is that over 15 million more people were driven into extreme poverty due to high energy prices and food pricing inflation.”
Prof. Kevin Urama

African Development Bank’s 2023 Africa’s Macro-Economic Performance and Outlook report which was launched on 19 January, as stated by the Chief Economist showed that these inflationary trends could ease in 2023-2024, giving some cautious optimism for the continent’s outlook.

African and middle-income countries will face significant challenges in 2023 going forward, Urama warned.

The International Monetary Fund Deputy Division Chief for Strategy, Policy and Review, Mr. Roland Kangni Kpodar, in presenting the IMF report noted that the Covid-19 pandemic had impacted low-income countries disproportionately.

“Despite the low number of Covid-19 identified cases, the health systems in low-income countries had been severely affected by the pandemic because they were already fragile even before the pandemic.”
Mr. Roland Kangni Kpodar

On top of health impacts, Kpodar said that loss of learning hours due to school closures created a setback to human capital development in these countries.

In his presentation, Mr. Kpodar communicated that the enormous adverse impact of the pandemic on the economies of low-income countries revealed not only the limited policy space they had even before the pandemic but also the high structural vulnerability to such shock.

“Within countries, inequality has also increased given that most disadvantaged groups, including women and those in the informal economy, suffered the most from the economic fallout of the pandemic.”
Mr. Roland Kangni Kpodar