Anthropic has filed lawsuits against the Trump administration for an “unlawful campaign of retaliation” against the artificial intelligence company over its refusal to allow unrestricted military use of its technology.

Anthropic filed two separate lawsuits, one in California federal court and another in the federal appeals court in Washington, D.C., each challenging different aspects of the government’s actions against the company.

Anthropic asked federal courts to reverse the Pentagon’s decision last week to designate the artificial intelligence company a “ supply chain risk.” The company also seeks to undo President Donald Trump’s order directing federal employees to stop using its AI chatbot Claude.

Anthropic’s lawsuit said that these actions are “unprecedented and unlawful,” adding that the Constitution does not allow the government “to wield its enormous power to punish a company for its protected speech.”

“No federal statute authorizes the actions taken here. Anthropic turns to the judiciary as a last resort to vindicate its rights and halt the Executive’s unlawful campaign of retaliation.”
Anthropic’s lawsuit

Anthropic said that it sought to restrict its technology from being used for two high-level usages: mass surveillance of Americans and fully autonomous weapons.

US Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth and other officials publicly insisted the company must accept “all lawful” uses of Claude and threatened punishment if Anthropic did not comply.

Designating the company a supply chain risk cuts off Anthropic’s defense work using an authority that was designed to prevent foreign adversaries from harming national security systems. It was the first time the federal government is known to have used the designation against a U.S. company.

President Donald Trump also said he would order federal agencies to stop using Claude, though he gave the Pentagon six months to phase out a product that’s deeply embedded in classified military systems, including those used in the Iran war.

Anthropic’s lawsuit also names other federal agencies, including the departments of Treasury and State, after officials ordered employees to stop using Anthropic’s services.

Anthropic’s Lawsuit Intensifies Dispute Over AI Use

The legal challenge intensifies an unusually public dispute over how AI can be used in warfare and mass surveillance, one that has also dragged in Anthropic’s tech industry rivals, particularly OpenAI, which made its own deal to work with the Pentagon just hours after the government punished Anthropic for its stance.

Even as it fights the Pentagon’s actions, Anthropic has sought to convince businesses and other government agencies that the Trump administration’s penalty is a narrow one that only affects military contractors when they are using Claude in work for the Department of Defense.

Making that distinction clear is crucial for the privately held Anthropic because most of its projected $14 billion in revenue this year comes from businesses and government agencies that are using Claude for computer coding and other tasks.

More than 500 customers are paying Anthropic at least $1 million annually for Claude, according to a recent investment announcement valued the company at $380 billion.

Anthropic said in a statement today that seeking judicial review does not change its longstanding commitment to harnessing AI to protect our national security, “but this is a necessary step to protect our business, our customers, and our partners.”